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991.
Plasma Membrane Lipids Are the Powerful Components for Early Stage Aluminum Tolerance in Triticale 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tadao Wagatsuma Satoru Ishikawa Matsuo Uemura Wataru Mitsuhashi Takeshi Kawamura Md. Shahadat Hossain Khan Keitarou Tawaraya 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(5):701-704
The order of aluminum (Al) tolerance in triticale lines (ST2>ST22) after re-elongation in an Al-free 0.2 mM calcium (Ca) solution for 9 h (Ca period) following 1 h pretreatment with 20 μM Al (Al period) agreed with that after 24 h of Al treatment. Permeability of the plasma membrane (PM) of root-tip cells after the Ca period was significantly increased in Al-sensitive ST22. Al was accumulated more heavily in the root-tip portion of ST22 than in that of ST2, although similar amounts of malic and citric acid anions were released from both triticale lines. We established a new system examining lipid permeability using synthesized nylon-2,8 ultrathin and porous capsules trapped previously with 0.1% (w/v) methylene blue solution and coated thereafter with PM lipid isolated from root tips by a newly developed technique. Permeability of the PM lipid measured with time in 0.2 mM Ca with or without 50 μM Al photometrically ( A 680 ) was significantly greater in Al-sensitive ST22 after 5 min of Al treatment. This is the first report to directly show the primary and early role of PM lipid in Al tolerance in triticale. 相似文献
992.
不同肥土比对NO3——-N浓度变化的影响研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用室内培养方法,对不同肥土比对NO3--N浓度变化的影响及可能机理进行了探讨。结果表明,肥土比为1∶400(处理G)可能是引起土壤性质变化的一个敏感量,NO3--N浓度、脲酶活性和硝化细菌数量在肥土比低于G处理时随尿素用量的增加而增加,高于G处理时随尿素用量增加而下降。尿素用量增加引起的土壤pH值变化是硝化与反硝化细菌数量和脲酶活性变化的主要原因,也是影响土壤中NO-3--N浓度变化的重要因素。 相似文献
993.
缓释化肥再认识 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10
奚振邦 《植物营养与肥料学报》2006,12(4):578-583
本文针对缓释肥的概念、研究对象、生产成本和对生态环境的影响等方面作了论述。文章强调,在室内纯水中获得的缓释肥特性测定值与将其施入田间土壤后的实际缓释值将有很大偏差;缓释肥单位养分的成本、售价将比普通肥显著提高;缓释肥在生产、运输过程中的能耗,特别是随产品带入土壤的过量硫、聚烯烃和甲醛等有害物质,将对生态环境产生不可低估的负面影响。论文提供了评价缓释肥农化性质的若干建议:如用土壤真溶液替代纯水去测定缓释肥的溶解特性;开展缓释肥的15N同位素标记研究以及规范田间与小区肥效试验等。 相似文献
994.
Barbara Chaves Stefaan De Neve Maria del Carmen Lillo Cabrera Pascal Boeckx Oswald Van Cleemput Georges Hofman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(6):411-418
Manipulating the N release from high-N crop residues by simultaneous mixing of these residues with organic biological waste (OBW) materials seems to be a possible method to reduce NO3– leaching. The aim of this study was to examine whether the incorporation of OBW materials together with a high-N crop residue (celery) had also an effect on N2O emission from horticultural soil under short-term and optimised laboratory conditions. A sandy loam soil and celery residues were mixed with different OBW materials and brought into PVC tubes at 80% water-filled pore space and 15°C. Every 2.5 h, a gas sample was taken and analysed by gas chromatography for its N2O concentration. The soil amended with only celery residues had a cumulative N2O emission of 9.6 mg N kg–1 soil in 50 h. When the celery residues were mixed with an OBW material, the N2O emission was each time lower than the emission from the celery-only treatment (between 3.8 and 5.9 mg N kg–1 soil during maximum 77 h), except with paper sludge (17.2 mg N kg–1 soil in 100 h). The higher N2O emission from the paper sludge treatment was probably due to its unusually low C:N ratio. Straw, green waste compost 1 (GWC1) and 2 (GWC2), saw dust, and tannic acid reduced the N2O emission of the celery treatment by 40 to 60%. Although the N2O reduction potential can be expected to be lower and with differing dynamics under field conditions, this study indicates that apart from reducing NO3– leaching, OBW application may at the same time reduce N2O emissions after incorporation of high-N crop residues. 相似文献
995.
Carbon mineralization kinetics as influenced by soil properties 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In a short-term laboratory study C mineralization potentials were determined on soil samples obtained from some representative agricultural soils in Tuscany, Italy. All the kinetic models tested to describe the mineralization process provided a good fit to the experimental data. A modified first-order model best described C mineralization in the soil. Both potentially mineralizable C and the mineralization rate (k) varied considerably among soils, reflecting the differences in soil properties. Potentially mineralizable C was positively related to C evolved as CO2 and to the exchange capacity. Normalized values (potentially mineralizable C divided by organic C), representing on average about 2% of the total soil C, was positively correlated to soil pH and negatively to the soil C pool, the soil N pool, and total microbial activity. Values for k ranged between 0.050 and 0.104 day-1, being higher in fine-textured soils and in soils with a large free Fe content. A low C:N ratio was indicative of a high k value. Turnover times for mineralized C were relatively rapid, ranging from 10 to 20 days. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
含钾矿物中钾的释放及其与溶液环境中离子种类的关系 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
通过室内试验研究探讨5种含K矿物中K在不同溶液中的释放规律(释放量和释放速率).结果表明,不同含K矿物中K释放速率和释放量的顺序均表现为:黑云母>蛭石>金云母≥白云母>钾长石,不同K矿物释K速率在酸溶液中差异最大,其次在钙和钠盐溶液中,在水中的速率差异最小,这主要是受其矿物本身结构的影响.不同离子对含K矿物中非交换态K释放的促进作用差异显著:H~+>>Ca~(3+)>Na~+>H_2O>NH_4~+.随矿物K有效性增加,H~+和Ca~(2+)对矿物K释放的促进作用越大,而且H~+较Ca~(2+)对黑云母、金云母和长石中的K有更突出的促释作用.此外,Ca~(2+)较Na~+显著促进了黑云母和蛭石中K的释放,但对其他矿物中K释放的影响两者无显著差异.NH~+_4则显著抑制了各种矿物中K的释放,对黑云母和蛭石的抑制作用更强于对金云母和白云母的作用. 相似文献
999.
施用涂层尿素对水田土壤氮去向及其利用率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用水稻盆栽试验方法,研究施用涂层尿素对水田土壤氮的挥发、土壤残留、水稻吸收三个去向及其氮素利用率的影响。研究结果表明:施用涂层尿素可显著抑制NH3和NOX挥发损失,NH3和NOX挥发量之和的减少幅度为22.1%~24.8%;使土壤中全氮含量增加,增加幅度为1.9%~2.1%。等氮用量条件下,施用涂层尿素可极显著提高氮素利用率,其提高幅度随施用量增大而减小;使水稻经济产量显著增加,中用量和高用量水平处理经济产量增加幅度分别为21.8%和21.5%。说明施用涂层尿素不仅能提高水田土壤氮素利用率,而且可减轻生态环境污染。 相似文献
1000.
掺混型缓释肥对小麦产量及品质的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用田间小区试验,以不施肥(CK1)和施用等NPK养分化肥(CK2)为对照,研究了掺混型缓释肥对冬小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与CK2相比,施用掺混型缓释肥能显著提高冬小麦产量,增产幅度为23.77%;能促进穗粒数、穗粒重及千粒重的增加,增加幅度分别为8.70%、19.02%、3.93%;可以改善小麦籽粒的品质,小麦籽粒的粗蛋白含量、氨基酸含量、容重、湿面筋含量、沉降值、总糖含量均呈增加的趋势,增加幅度分别为3.49%,21.33%,1.58%,4.58%,10.73%,43.75%。 相似文献